Mesoporous silica SBA-16 nanoparticles: Synthesis, physicochemical characterization, release profile, and in vitro cytocompatibility studies

In the present work, mesoporous silica SBA-16 nanoparticles with an innovative cubic mesoporous matrix, practically unexplored in terms of functionalization and in vitro studies, has been synthesized and functionalized using two different silanizing agents: 3-amino-propyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) and n-propyltriethoxysilane (PTES). The pure and functionalized silica nanoparticles were physicochemically and morphologically characterized, the results of which presented adequate characteristics for in vitro and in vivo applications. The influence of the functionalization process on the incorporation rate and kinetic release of a model drug (Atenolol) was also studied. These results revealed that samples functionalized with APTES presented a negligible release of Atenolol from the nanoparticles in simulated body fluid (SBF). This is an important result when seeking to avoid the premature release of chemotherapeutic agents or radioisotopes into the bloodstream until it reaches its final destination. Finally, the cytocompatibility in vitro tests were conducted in an MRC-5 cell line, human fetal lung fibroblast cells, at different concentrations. The results indicated no significant change in cell morphology, chromosomal changes, or increase of ROS in the MRC-5 cells related to the control group. All findings from this study reveal a potential application of mesoporous silica SBA-16 nanoparticles as new potential drugs or radioisotope nanocarriers to be applied in therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.

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► It is possible to modify the hydrophobicity of surface of SBA-16 nanoparticles.
► The release kinetic in SBA-16 nanoparticles can be significantly modulated.
► SBA-16 nanoparticles containing alkoxysilanes are not cytotoxic to fibroblasts.
► Silica not induced ROS increase or chromosomal alterations in the MRC-5 cells.