Urban ecology in China: Historical developments and future directions

- China's urban population rose from 18% in 1978 to about 50% in 2010.
- Urban ecology in China started in the early 1980s.
- China's urban ecology has focused on environmental pollution and eco-cities.
- Holistic and systems thinking has been important in China's urban ecology.
- Urban ecology in China is developing rapidly, embracing diverse ideas and methods.