An integrated model of substrate clogging in vertical flow constructed wetlands

► This paper presents an integrated model for substrate clogging in a VFCW. ► The model includes physical, biogeochemical and plant-related processes. ► Key parameters related to clogging in this model have been measured and validated. ► The model describes well the contribution of individual process to clogging. ► The model has the potential to become a tool for assessing the performance of CWs.