Wildfires, fuel treatment and risk mitigation in Australian eucalypt forests: Insights from landscape-scale simulation

► Risk of human losses from wildfires may vary in response to rate of fuel treatment. ► Fuel treatment may lead to risk reduction but not elimination in many ecosystems. ► Simulation results show that this response applies in temperate Australian forests. ► Treatment effectiveness is predicted to be further diminished by climate change. ► Cost-effectiveness may constrain the scope of future fuel treatment programs.