How to prevent, recognize and manage complications of AF ablation?

Ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of most complex procedures in electrophysiology. Many technical improvements have been incorporated lately in order to improve clinical results and reducing risks. Currently, cardiac tamponade, stroke, PV stenosis, phrenic palsy and atrial esophageal fistula are still recognized as the major risks of AF ablation, although their managements have been much better established. The aim of this article is to review recent data in how to avoid, to identify and to treat such complications.