Studying the influence of enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on the DPPC lipid bilayer using the analysis of variance and parallel factor analysis

The results suggest an indirect mechanism of action for all three anesthetics. Specifically, the strongest liquidizing effect is characteristic for sevoflurane thus indicating the weaker anesthetic action. Furthermore, the 'temperature × anesthetic' interaction factor is statistically insignificant, which confirms that the formation of an interdigitated phase does not depend on temperature. A transition from the gel-to-liquid-crystalline phase is observed due to the incorporation of sevoflurane into the bilayer, while the transition from an interdigitated to liquid-crystalline phase is due to the influence of enflurane and isoflurane on the bilayer.