Potential of aqueous extract of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in blocking the oxidative stress by modulation of signal transduction in human vascular endothelial cells

The beneficial effect of saffron has been recognized since ancient times. Scientists have attributed its healthy benefits to its antioxidant properties; however, the nutrigenomics of saffron are poorly understood. Here, we have investigated the effect of aqueous extract of saffron (AES) on human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) under oxidative stress induced by free radical generators; 2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP). The biocompatibility, the protective effect on DNA damage, and the AES ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. Furthermore, the modulation of cell signalling pathways by saffron was studied. The results showed that saffron not only acts as a direct antioxidant agent but as a modulator of micro-RNAs (mir-21 and mir142-3p) and RNAs profile (PTEN/AKT1) on HUVECs under stress conditions. Ultimately, the modulation of signalling pathways by saffron improves cell survival and provides a therapeutic approach in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress mediated diseases.