Antiplatelet effects of natural bioactive compounds by multiple targets: Food and drug interactions

Platelet activation in atherosclerotic arteries is central to the development of arterial thrombosis; therefore, precise control of platelet function must occur to prevent thrombotic event. In this context, insufficient antiplatelet effect by the present armamentarium may be a relevant explanation for vascular relapses. Therefore, research on novel bioactives and drugs with different mechanisms of action and increased efficacy, and low toxicity is highly desired. In this context, natural bioactive compounds from fruits, vegetables, beverages and grasses, among others, have anti-platelet effects and may thus affect the development of cardiovascular diseases. In this sense, the present article describes one possible mechanism of antiplatelet action of natural bioactive compounds by inhibition of platelet phospholipases C, increase of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate levels, thromboxane A2 and thrombin receptors antagonists, and inositol monophosphate inhibition.