Impact de l'environnement sur les microbiotes : focus sur l'hospitalisation et les microbiotes cutanés et chirurgicaux

Human microbiota colonize the different niches of the human body and have essential functions. They correspond to complex ecosystems perpetually balanced by local and environmental conditions. This results in microbiota composition variations that can sometimes evolve toward dysbiosis linked with pathological processes. External factors affect particularly the most exposed microbiota, like skin microbiota. According to the many medical pressures, the hospital constitutes a particular environment, which can modify bacterial ecosystems at both individual (patient and health-care worker microbiota) and collective levels (ecosystems of hospital units). In surgical departments, the multiple aggressions (antibiotic, antiseptic and traumas) related to the management of patients induce some microbiota disturbances that seem important to consider in the pathophysiology of postoperative infections.