Observatoires régionaux du pneumocoque : épidémiologie et résistance aux antibiotiques des souches de Streptococcus pneumoniae isolées en France en 2007

French regional pneumococcal observatories, created from 1995, participate alongside the National Reference Center for Pneumococci and the Institut de Veille Sanitaire at the close monitoring of the evolution of resistance of pneumococci to antibiotics. In 2007, 23 regional pneumococcal observatories studied the antibiotic susceptibility and serogroup of 5302 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from cerebrospinal fluids (CSF), blood, middle ear fluid, pleural fluid in the child and the adult (≥ 16 years) as well as from some broncho-pulmonary samples in the adult. The study showed that 38.2% of the strains were non-susceptible to penicillin (PNSP), 19.3% to amoxicillin and 10.5% to cefotaxime. The percentage of PNSP varied according to the region, ranging from 29% in Alsace to 50% in Paris Ile de France west. PNSP were higher in children (50.2%) than in adults (33.7%) and varied according to the sample (child / adult): bloodstream (27.8%/32.5%), CSF (33.7%/34.6%), middle ear fluid (60.2%/27.5%), pleural fluid (50%/31%). The PSDP were often multiresistant with a high percentage of erythromycin resistance (84.2% versus 12.7% in penicillin-susceptible isolates). Finally, the most common serogroup was serogroup 19 (25.2% of the strains).