Latest instrumental developments and bioanalytical applications in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

This review intends to provide an overview about the state-of-the art and the latest instrumental developments of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), particularly addressing selected applications for biological samples. Additionally, a practical guideline of “How to conduct a TERS experiment?” is presented, in order to understand, motivate and practice TERS experiments. Consequently, this review aims to set a basis for further instrumental developments, especially addressing TERS in liquid for prospective applications towards a larger variety of samples.