Applications of shell-isolated nanoparticles in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence

In this review, we introduce extension of SHINERS to shell-isolated NP-enhanced fluorescence (SHINEF) and application of the SERS-fluorescence dual-mode technique, taking advantage of SERS and fluorescence. We first introduce SHINERS and its applications, and then move on to the applications of SHINERS in SEF. Finally, we introduce application of the SERS-fluorescence dual mode to biodetection and bioimaging.