Coupling of a continuum fuel cell model with a discrete liquid water percolation model

The saturation in the PTL is compared to synchrotron visualization data and a good comparison is found. Using the model, the influence of PTFE content, the application of a microporous layer, PTL perforation and ionomer desorption rate on the water configuration and fuel cell performance are analyzed. The interfacial liquid water is identified as an important parameter for the liquid water transport and the oxygen diffusivity to the active areas.