Three-dimensional modeling of water transport in PEMFC

► 3D non-isothermal model of PEMFC including all regions of the MEA. ► Model includes MPL and effect of liquid water. ► Study of RH effect on current density, ohmic losses of catalyst layers and membrane. ► RH sensitivity is more pronounced for thicker membrane and higher temperature. ► 2D models tend to over predict current density compared to the 3D model.