Thermochemical and kinetic aspects of the sulfurization of Cu-Sb and Cu-Bi thin films

▶ Sulfurization of Sb-Cu and Bi-Cu metal precursors for thin film PV applications. ▶ Kinetics shows the rate determining step to be the interdiffusion of binary sulfides. ▶ Phase evolution is consistent with Pilling-Bedworth coefficients of Cu, Sb and Bi. ▶ Elemental losses can be minimised via the use of equilibrium pressure diagrams.