Enhanced texture and microhardness of the nickel surface using Bi2O3 particles via electrodeposition technique for engineering application

In this study, we explore the structure and mechanical properties of nickel-bismuth oxide (Ni-Bi2O3) composite material, for the first time, prepared via electrodeposition technique. The emerging of Bi2O3 particles is improving the microhardness, wear resistance and roughness of the Ni coating when compared with pure nickel deposit. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the crystallite size of the Ni-Bi2O3 coating diminishes with amplification in the concentration of Bi2O3 particles. The preferred crystalline orientation of Ni-Bi2O3 coating has been distorted from the most intense (200) texture to polycrystalline orientation. The scanning electron morphologies (SEM) show that pyramid-like and cauliflower-like structures and it has observed from Ni and Ni-Bi2O3 deposits, respectively. A maximum bismuth content of 10.71% is embedded at a loading of 50 g/L. The Ni-Bi2O3 composite exhibits an average microhardness value of 730 HV50. This is approximately three times higher than nickel deposit. Therefore, the prepared Ni-Bi2O3 composite material is a suitable candidate for engineering uses.