Facile modified cyclic electrophoretic deposition of hydrothermally prepared TiO2 nanocrystals and their application in dye sensitized solar cells

SEM images of the hydrothermally grown TiO2 nanocrystals (a) and the corresponding layers deposited at electrophoretic deposition voltages of 5.0 (b), 6.0 (c), 7.0 (d), 8.0 (e) and 9.0 (f). The dependence of the energy conversion efficiency of the DSCs made of the photoanodes composed of nanocrystalline TiO2 layers on the deposition voltage and time (g).304