Applications of eco-friendly refrigerants and nanorefrigerants: A review

Usage of eco-friendly refrigerants could be an effective solution to the global warming problem. However, a comprehensive assessment is necessary when selecting new refrigerants. Any substance should be evaluated for its overall impact on the global environment, energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and safety. This paper reviews the experimental and theoretical studies that have been carried out with environmentally friendly refrigerants such as hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, R744 (carbon dioxide), hydrofluoro olefin, and nanorefrigerants. The article's main aims are to evaluate the potential of all refrigerants used in the refrigeration and air conditioning industries and to present the primary applications of environmentally friendly refrigerants and nanorefrigerants. The paper also identifies the gaps in the literature and introduces opportunities for future work.