Modelling approaches for consequential life-cycle assessment (C-LCA) of bioenergy: Critical review and proposed framework for biogas production

This paper aims at filling this gap. The first part of the paper provides a survey of a number of applications using different equilibrium models. Afterwards we critically review the main variables and parameters supporting the definition and implementation of the C-LCI modelling approaches. In the last part of the paper we propose a methodology to integrate economic modelling and LCA in order to perform a C-LCA of biogas production, specifically addressing the indirect land use change (ILUC) issue. Finally we describe the application of this methodology to a case study dealing with the production of biogas in Luxembourg.