The geo-effectiveness of interplanetary small-scale magnetic fluxropes

► ISMFRs have geomagnetic effects, like enhanced Pc 5wave activity and/or substorms. ► The inflection point of SN events synchronizes with recovery phase of substorms. ► The NS turnings tend to be consistent with the growth and onset of the substorms. ► Substorm-related ISMFR events show complex ULF waves at GEO and on ground.