High-temperature dielectric properties of incipient ferroelectric Gd0.5Na0.5TiO3

Gd0.5Na0.5TiO3 ceramic samples were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. Incipient ferroelectricity was confirmed in the sample. Dielectric properties were investigated at temperatures from room temperature to 1073 K and the frequency range of 20 Hz-10 MHz. By means of electric modulus and impedance analysis, the sample was found to show two thermally activated relaxations with the high-frequency (low-temperature) one being the relaxation caused by hopping motion of oxygen vacancies and the low-frequency (high-temperature) one being the interfacial relaxation.