Role of S100B protein in urine and serum as an early predictor of mortality after severe traumatic brain injury in adults

► Blood and urine samples were drawn on admission and every 24 h up to 4 days. ► Serum and urine S100B levels were higher in patients dead within a month of trauma. ► S100B in serum and urine at 24 h post-severe TBI is useful for predicting mortality. ► S100B acts as a sensitive biomarker for the prediction of mortality after severe TBI.