Toxicity and mode of action of insecticidal Cry1A proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis in an insect cell line, CF-1

- Mutations in Cry1A proteins that alter toxicity to Manduca sexta affect toxicity to CF-1 cells in a similar manner.
- Some steps in the mechanism of action of Cry1A protein toxicity in the insect midgut is conserved in vitro in the CF-1 cell line.
- Cry1AMod proteins are more toxic to CF-1 cells than native proteins.
- Oligomerization of Cry1Ab native protein may be a limiting step in toxicity to CF-1 cells.