Chloroplast movement

- Phototropin 1 and 2 are photoreceptors for chloroplast movement.
- Chloroplasts can move in any direction.
- Chloroplasts do not have heads and tails for light-induced accumulation and avoidance movements.
- Chloroplast actin filaments are a key structure generating motive force for the movement.
- The advantages and disadvantages of each method to observe and/or analyze chloroplast movements are summarized.