A risk-minimizing argument for traditional crop varietal diversity use to reduce pest and disease damage in agricultural ecosystems of Uganda

► Local crop diversity was compared to weighted damage index at farm level. ► High levels of varietal diversity and associated knowledge for managing pests and diseases were found. ► Higher numbers of varieties at household level correlate with reduced disease damage variance. ► Indication of the potential of crop varietal diversity to reduce current crop damage. ► Use of varietal diversity on farm can contribute to reducing vulnerability to future infestations.