Potential nitrogen to energy synchronization, rumen degradation kinetics, and intestinal digestibility of blend pelleted products of new co-products from bio-fuel processing, pulse screenings and lignosulfonate compound in dairy cows

Recently, a new co-product (carinata meal) has been emerged from the bio-fuel processing industry, which nutritional value has not been yet fully understood and evaluated nor even registered as a feed for ruminants. So, it becomes an urgent need to explore the potential of this new coproduct in livestock feeds when blend with other feedstuffs. The aim of this project was to develop and test blend pelleted products based on combination of new and conventional co-products from bio-fuel (carinata meal) and bio-oil (canola meal) processing, pea screenings and lignosulfonate compound (feed additive) at different levels in order to efficiently utilize the new co-product and optimize various nutrient supply in dairy cows. The eight blend pelleted products were: BPP1: lignosulfonate 0.0% + carinata meal 50.0% + pea screenings 50.0%; BPP2: lignosulfonate 4.8% + carinata meal 47.6% + pea screenings 47.6%; BPP3: lignosulfonate 0.0% + carinata meal 75.0% + pea screenings 25.0%; BPP4: lignosulfonate 4.8% + carinata meal 71.4% + pea screenings 23.8%; BPP5: lignosulfonate 0.0% + canola meal 50.0% + pea screenings 50.0%; BPP6: lignosulfonate 4.8% + canola meal 47.6% + pea screenings 47.6%; BPP7: lignosulfonate 0.0% + canola meal 75.0% + pea screenings 25.0%; BPP8: lignosulfonate 4.8% + canola meal 71.4% + pea screenings 23.8%. All blended proportions were on dry matter (DM) basis. The results were compared between blend pelleted products based on new co-product carinata meal and conventional co-product canola meal; high and low level of inclusion of co-products (contrarily, low and high level of inclusion of pea screenings); and inclusion and no inclusion of lignosulfonate compound in terms of rumen degradation kinetics, indigestible neutral detergent fiber(NDF) at 288 h (iNDF), hourly effective rumen degradation ratios/potential nitrogen-to energy synchronization and intestinal digestion of rumen undegraded nutrients. The results showed that carinata based pelleted product BPP3 and BPP4 had higher (P < 0.05) level of rumen undegraded protein (BCPDVE: 233 and 239 g/kg DM; RUPNRC: 210 and 216 g/kg DM; respectively) than the other blend pelleted products. The BPP3 also showed higher (P < 0.05) effective degradation of NDF (EDNDF: 64 g/kg DM) than the other blend pelleted products except BPP4 and BPP7 (56 and 61 g/kg DM; respectively). The iNDF was higher in canola based pelleted product BPP7, while the values were ranged from 5.3 to 12.5% DM. Intestinal absorbable feed protein (IADP) was higher in BPP4 (168 g/kg DM) than the other pelleted products except BPP3; however, BPP3 showed higher (P < 0.05) total digestible protein (TDP: 405 g/kg DM) than the other blend pelleted products followed by BPP4 (383 g/kg DM) and BPP7 (370 g/kg DM). In addition, BPP3 showed higher (P < 0.05) total digestible NDF (TDNDF: 139 g/kg DM) than the other blend pelleted products. In summary, the new co-product (carinata meal) based pelleted products (BPP1 to BPP4) contained higher RUP (+56 g/kg DM), lower EDCP (-24 g/kg DM), higher EDNDF (+2.9%), lower iNDF (−4.2% DM), higher IADP (+55.7 g/kg DM) and higher TDP (+32 g/kg DM) than canola based pelleted products (BPP6 to BPP8). Therefore, the result of this study suggest that the Carinata meal based pelleted products BPP3 and BPP4 can be used as high quality protein supplements for dairy cows.