A novel approach to evaluate the relationship between measures of male fertility and egg fertilization in Penaeus monodon

► Artificial insemination and genotyping embryos used as a novel approach. ► Sperm count and morphology correlated between left and right side spermatophores. ► Fertilization potential of males could not be determined by sperm count or morphology. ► Fertilization potential is highly variable between males. ► Male fertilization potential more likely influenced by sperm quality than quantity.