Comparative study of anti-VEGF Ranibizumab and Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist Tocilizumab in Adjuvant-induced Arthritis

RA development starts with triggering immune cells such as Macrophages and Neutrophils. These cells produced different types of cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. IL-6 with TNF-α participate in T-cells differentiation into Th-17 that produce IL-17. IL-17 plays a synergistic role with other cytokines in immune cells differentiation. Il-6 is also involved in differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells. Furthermore, IL-6 and IL-1b enhance synovocytes proliferation that lead to angiogenesis, apoptosis and cartilage destruction and bone erosion through production of different cytokines, markers and enzymes such as VEGF, TGFβ, COX-II, RANKL and MMPs.168