Relationship Between HIV and Depressive Symptomatology in Patients From Northern Portugal: Analysis of Individual, Health, and Social Predictors

Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in people living with HIV. Our study involved 371 participants in outpatient treatment for HIV in hospitals in northern Portugal. Participants were referred to the study by the attending physician/nurse, and data were collected through an individual interview at a single evaluation moment. Participants were mostly male (70%), with an average age of 46.63 years (SD = 11.77), and a known diagnosis of HIV for an average of 10.13 years (SD = 6.42). Severe depressive symptoms were identified in 18% of participants. We identified several significant predictors of depressive symptoms: being female, being in a situation of social exclusion, having adverse experiences throughout life, infection by sexual contact in a stable marital relationship, daily concerns regarding health, negative family relationships, and dissatisfaction with social support. Findings suggest the need to include regular mental health assessments and referral for specialized psychological support services.