Impact du sevrage des corticostéroïdes inhalés dans la BPCO

The key pathophysiological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an abnormal inflammatory bronchial reaction after inhalation of toxic substances. The priority is the avoidance of such toxic inhalations, but the use of anti-inflammatory drugs also seems appropriate, especially corticosteroids that are the sole anti-inflammatory drug available for this purpose in France. The risks associated with the prolonged use of these parenteral drugs are well known. Inhalation is therefore the optimal route, but inhaled drugs may also lead to adverse consequences. In COPD, there is an inhaled corticosteroids overuse, and a non-satisfactory respect of the guidelines. Consequently, their withdrawal should be considered. We reviewed seven clinical studies dealing with inhaled corticosteroids withdrawal in patients with COPD and found that included populations were heterogenous with different concomitant treatments. In non-frequent exacerbators receiving inhaled corticosteroids outside the recommendations, withdrawal appears to be safe under a well-managed bronchodilator treatment. In patients with severe COPD and frequent exacerbations, the risk of acute respiratory event is low when they receive concomitant optimal inhaled bronchodilators. However, other risks may be observed (declining lung function, quality of life) and a discussion of each case should be performed, especially in case of COPD and asthma overlap.