The electrochemical modification of clenbuterol for biosensors of dopamine, norepinephrine, adrenalin, ascorbic acid and uric acid at paraffin-impregnated graphite electrode

The electrochemical modification of clenbuterol (CLB) was studied at paraffin-impregnated graphite electrode (WGE) in two potential ranges of 0.0–1.6 V and −1.2 to 1.2 V. Various methods including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-spectroelectrochemistry, infrared (IR) spectra and electrochemical techniques have been used to characterizing the modification. Clenbuterol can be modified at the electrode surface by carbon–nitrogen linkage or carbon–carbon linkage in 0.0–1.6 V or −1.2 to 1.2 V, respectively. The electrochemical behaviors of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), adrenalin (EP), ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) were studied at clenbuterol-modified paraffin-impregnated graphite electrode (CLB/WGE), and it was found that all these compounds could be detected successfully.