Electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization amplified by nanoparticles

Detection of specific oligonucleotide (ODN) fragments has become an important field in many areas of biomedicine. We describe a novel ODN sensor based on electropolymerization of a conducting polymer (polypyrrole) in the presence of a sample containing ODN(s). The resulting trapped ODN(s) are then probed by addition of complimentary sequence ODN. By incorporating CdS nanoparticles with the probe, a significant improvement in sensor sensitivity was observed. Impedance spectroscopy suggested that optimal detection of hybridization occurred at frequencies ≥3000 Hz (for a 0.07 cm2 85 nm thick film). At these frequencies, the impedance signal was almost linear with the logarithm of ODN concentration in the range 3.7–370 nM with a detection limit of ∼1 nM ODN (for the sensor fabricated). Importantly, the sensor could be regenerated by removing hybridized ODN with NaOH suggesting possibility of the sensor re-use.