Involvement of topoisomerase mutations and qnr and aac(6′)Ib-cr genes in conferring quinolone resistance to clinical isolates of Vibrio and Shigella spp. from Kolkata, India (1998-2009)

These results emphasise that quinolone resistance is widespread and therefore quinolones should be used prudently. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where resistance to various generations of quinolones in Vibrio and Shigella spp. has been examined in terms of detailed genotype-phenotype correlation.