Stem sinuosity in loblolly pine with nitrogen and calcium additions

► Stem sinuosity is a deformation that has been associated with nutritional and physiological disorders. ► Nitrogen additions caused significant increases in stem sinuosity. ► Calcium additions reduced stem sinuosity and mitigated the negative effect of N addition when it was applied with N. ► An appropriate nutrient balance is important for growth and acceptable stem form when managing pine species.