Effects of prosthesis design and impression techniques on human cortical bone strain around oral implants under load

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different prosthetic designs (screw-retained versus cement-retained) and two impression techniques (open versus closed tray) on bone-level strains around implants.Materials and methodsTwo Ø 4.1 mm × 10 mm Straumann implants were placed in the bilateral fibulas of six fresh cadavers; bone segments were removed en bloc. Twelve implant-level and six abutment-level (18 total) working casts were made to fabricate fixed partial dentures, resulting in three test groups: Group 1: closed-tray technique/implant-level model/screw-retained prostheses; Group 2: closed-tray technique/abutment-level model/cement-retained prostheses; Group 3: open-tray technique/implant-level model/screw-retained prostheses. Linear strain-gauges were bonded to the cortical bone between implants and the lateral wall of the fibula in close proximity to the implant necks in each bone fragment. Strain-gauge signals were digitized by a data acquisition system and corresponding software at a sample rate of 10 KHz, simultaneously monitored from the computer during application of an external static load of 150 N on the middle of the pontic, using a loading frame.ResultsThe approximal and lateral strains were extremely similar in both prosthetic groups (p > 0.05). Within-group comparisons for the indirect impression technique showed that approximal and lateral strains in screw- and cement-retained prostheses were similar (p > 0.05). Neither the prostheses design nor the impression technique had any discernable effect on bone-level strain.ConclusionStrains on the cortical bone around two implant supported, 3-unit screw- or cement-retained fixed prostheses, fabricated either by direct or indirect impression techniques on Straumann dental implants, are similar under a 150 N static load.