The treatment of complex female urethral pathology

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women produce significant bother. Common conditions causing LUTS in women include urinary tract infections, overactive bladder, and stress incontinence. Urethral diverticulae and female urethral strictures are rare pathologies. They can cause symptoms, which can mimic commoner conditions, leading to delay in diagnosis and unnecessary delay in treatment. In this article, we discuss in detail the definition, symptoms, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment option for these two conditions. Further understanding of these conditions will aid in the proper diagnosis and prevent delay in management.