How do we develop nanopharmaceuticals under open innovation?

It is incumbent on nanomedicine researchers to understand how to develop their ideas into commercial drugs; success to date has not been as good as funders would have liked. This article attempts to outline, perhaps for the first time, some of the expertise that the pharmaceutical sector has acquired to facilitate translation. It is hoped this explanation will start to improve the planning required at an early stage to develop nanopharmaceuticals and to encourage researchers and their institutions to devise a development plan.

Graphical AbstractIndustry evaluates progress to the clinic using decision points. It is important to know exactly where you are in the process and what you need. Project status is regularly evaluated and resources increase in parallel. Figure optionsDownload high-quality image (64 K)Download as PowerPoint slide