Nanoparticle augmented radiation treatment decreases cancer cell proliferation

We report significant and controlled cell death using novel x-ray-activatable titania nanoparticles (NPs) doped with lanthanides. Preferential incorporation of such materials into tumor tissue can enhance the effect of radiation therapy. Herein, the incorporation of gadolinium into the NPs is designed to optimize localized energy absorption from a conventional medical x-ray. This result is further optimized by the addition of other rare earth elements. Upon irradiation, energy is transferred to the titania crystal structure, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).From the Clinical EditorThe authors report significant and controlled cell death using x-ray-activated titania nanoparticles doped with lanthanides as enhancers. Upon irradiation X-ray energy is transferred to the titania crystal structure, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species.

Graphical AbstractSchematic illustrating the mechanism and action of ROS-generated by doped nanoparticles (NPs). (1) X rays absorbed by the gadolinium K-edge eject an electron and create a free hole (h+) in the titania valence band (2) The hole mobility and lifetime are governed by the electronic structure of titania allowing (3) migration to the particle surface and creation of ROS (4) passive uptake of the NPs allows passage through the outer cell membrane (5) the generated ROS interacts with cellular components, affecting nucleic acids, lipids and proteins (6) cell death as a result of irreparable damage.Figure optionsDownload high-quality image (120 K)Download as PowerPoint slide