El papel de la tomosíntesis en el cribado del cáncer de mama

Due to the limitations of screening mammography, especially in dense breasts, tomosynthesis has emerged as a new complementary technique. This tomographic technique is able to increase the detection of cancers not seen on conventional mammography and to reduce the false-positive results due to superimposed normal fibroglandular tissue. In this article, we review the role of tomosynthesis in screening by assessing 3 prospective European trials: OSLO, STORM and MALMÖ. Although the mammographic technique used in the MALMÖ trial differed from that used in the other 2 trials, sensitivity significantly increased in all 3 trials (32, 34 and 43%, respectively). Recall rates showed greater differences (+32%, −27%, +43%). Despite the increase in reading time, tomosynthesis is a cost-effective technique with little impact on overdiagnosis. Therefore, this X-ray imaging modality could play an important role in breast cancer screening.