کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
8852044 | 1618775 | 2018 | 9 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Legacy and emerging organophosphοrus flame retardants in car dust from Greece: Implications for human exposure
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کلمات کلیدی
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری
علوم محیط زیست
شیمی زیست محیطی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
چکیده انگلیسی
Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and emerging PFRs (ePFRs) are two groups of compounds used as replacements for brominated flame retardants (BFRs). They have already been detected in indoor dust (mainly in homes and offices). To date, few studies investigated the occurrence of FRs in car dust and the information of possible health risks is still limited. The present study reports on the investigation of the levels and profiles of eight target PFRs: tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), tri cresyl phosphate (TCP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and four target ePFRs; 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane-1,3-diyltetrakis(2-chloroethyl)bisphosphate (V6), isodecyl diphenyl phosphate (iDDPHP), resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphate) (RDP) and bisphenol A-bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) in car dust from Greece. The samples were collected from the interior of 25 private cars in Thessaloniki, Greece, with different years of manufacture (1997-2015) and continents of origin. After ultrasonic extraction and Florisil fractionation, the PFR analysis was carried out by GC-EI/MS, whereas the ePFRs were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Levels of Σ8PFRs varied from 2000 to 190,000â¯ngâ¯gâ1, with mean and median concentrations of 20,000 and 11,500â¯ngâ¯gâ1, respectively. The concentrations of Σ4ePFRs ranged from 44 to 8700â¯ngâ¯gâ1, with mean and median values at 1100 and 190â¯ngâ¯gâ1, respectively. Estimations of human exposure showed that toddlers are more exposed than adults to both PFRs and ePFRs. Yet, the intake via dust ingestion and dermal absorption was several orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding reference doses.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Chemosphere - Volume 196, April 2018, Pages 231-239
Journal: Chemosphere - Volume 196, April 2018, Pages 231-239
نویسندگان
Christina Christia, Giulia Poma, Athanasios Besis, Constantini Samara, Adrian Covaci,