Three-year, 5 km resolution China PM2.5 simulation: Model performance evaluation

Model evaluation indicated that the uncertainties in the model results were from several aspects. Underestimated emissions and the inaccurate simulation of the adverse weather conditions led to the lower estimation of PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing, especially in winter. Conversely, the overestimated PM2.5 concentration in Chengdu implied that the current emission inventory might not consider the emission reduction measures, and the insufficient wet deposition in model also contributed to such phenomenon. Generally, despite the diversity of topography, demography and emissions, we showed that a 5 km resolution model could accurately capture the spatial and temporal variations of PM2.5 concentration.