Evaluating performances of the first automatic system for paddy irrigation in Europe

The results show that, despite the automatic system has not proven a decrease of water consumptions (ranging from 2000 to 3700 mm) or a significant increase of rice yield (of about 8 ton hectare−1), it has not revealed any mechanical malfunctioning during the irrigation season and it allows to drastically reduce the time spent by workers for water level control and flow regulation. Lastly, the price of the automatic irrigation system (ranging from 638 to 689 € hectare−1) appears to be in good agreement with respect to the willingness of farmers for innovation.