Simulation of the effects of oxygen carriers and scaffold geometry on oxygen distribution and cell growth in a channeled scaffold for engineering myocardium

This study proposes a mathematical model to evaluate the impact of oxygen carriers and scaffold geometry on oxygen distribution and cell growth in a 3D cardiac construct using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Flow equations, oxygen balance equation and cell balance equation were solved using special initial and boundary conditions. The modeling results revealed that 55% increase in cardiac cell density occurred by using 6.4% perfluorocarbon oxygen carrier (PFC) compared to pure culture medium without PFC supplementation. Moreover, the effects of the scaffold geometry on cell density were examined by changing the channel numbers and the construct length. A 30% increase in the average cells density was observed by increasing the channel numbers from 37 to 145. Furthermore, the average cell density was increased 23% by decreasing the scaffold length from 0.5 to 0.2 cm length. Overall, the average cell density of cardiac cells can be increased 2-fold by using PFC oxygen carrier and optimizing the scaffold's geometry, simultaneously.