Evolution of the modern baboon (Papio hamadryas): A reassessment of the African Plio-Pleistocene record

P izodi appears more primitive than P. robinsoni and P. angusticeps. P. robinsoni is slightly distinct from P. hamadryas subspecies in its combination of features while P. angusticeps might be included within one of the modern P. hamadryas varieties (i.e., P. h. angusticeps). No definitive Papio fossils are currently documented in eastern Africa until the Middle Pleistocene, pointing to southern Africa as the geographic place of origin for the genus. These results have implications for Plio-Pleistocene biochronology and baboon evolution.