Burial and thermal history reconstruction of the Mukalla-Sayhut Basin in the Gulf of Aden, Yemen: Implications for hydrocarbon generation from Paleocene potential source rock

The basin models illustrate that the Gulf of Aden is an extensional rift basin and initially developed during Oligocene as indicated by paleo-heat flow values. The heat flow reached peak heat-flow values of approximately 120-160 mW/m2 at Early to Middle Oligocene time. This high paleo-heat flow had a considerable effect on the Paleocene Umm Er Radhuma source rock and cooking of the organic matter. The basin models also indicate that the Umm Er Radhuma Formation source rock had passed the peak-oil generation window during the late Oligocene (Chattian) age. Onset of oil-generation began during late Rupelian age (∼29 Ma), whereas the main oil was generated during the Chattian age (27-24 Ma). The models also show that the petroleum was expelled from the Umm Er Radhuma source rock since latest Oligocene (late Chattian, < 24Ma) time, with transformation ratio of more than 50%. These basin models suggest that the Umm Er Radhuma Formation is an effective source rock where significant amount of petroleum is expected to be generated and expelled to any nearby potential reservoir rocks within the Mukalla-Sayhut Basin.