The dependence of induced polarization on fluid salinity and pH, studied with an extended model of membrane polarization

Both the maximum phase shift and the imaginary conductivity at 1 Hz decrease when pH decreases. The reason is that at low pH, the zeta potential and the partition coefficient both decrease, corresponding to a smaller charge density at the mineral surface, resulting in a weaker impact of the electrical double layer. The few existing experimental studies on pH dependence are qualitatively consistent with our simulation results.