Long-term implantable glucose biosensors

Long-term implantable glucose sensors with a demonstrated lifetime of at least two weeks play a key role in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and the development of closed-loop artificial pancreas systems for the emerging number of diabetes patients. This short review summarises the current state of the art of CGM systems and points out specific limitations of amperometric glucose biosensors regarding their inherent sensor long-term and signal stability that are mainly caused by the inevitable foreign body response after sensor implantation.