Photoelectrochemical bioanalysis of protein biomarkers

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis represents a unique and dynamically developing methodology that offers an elegant route for sensitive biomolecular detection. Protein biomarkers, generally refers to biomolecules whose presence or level of expression are indicative of the occurrence or severity of some diseases. With the development of PEC bioanalytical technique and ever-increasing demands for sensitive disease diagnosis, there is an increasing impetus for innovative PEC bioanalysis towards various protein biomarkers, especially those of cancer and heart diseases. Using illustrative examples, this brief review will highlight the current advances in this topic, and the future prospects are also discussed.