Electrochemistry of single molecules and biomolecules, molecular scale nanostructures, and low-dimensional systems

Electrochemistry at ultra-small scales, where even the single molecule or biomolecule can be characterized and manipulated, is on the way to a consolidated status. At the same time, molecular electrochemistry is expanding into other areas of sophisticated nano- and molecular-scale systems including molecular scale metal and semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) and other nanostructures, e.g. nanotubes, “nanoflowers” etc. The new structures offer both new electronic properties and highly confined novel charge transfer environments.