Cloning and functional characterization of the rat α2B-adrenergic receptor gene promoter region: Evidence for binding sites for erythropoiesis-related transcription factors GATA1 and NF-E2

In the rat, the α2B-adrenergic receptor (α2B-AR) is encoded by the rat non-glycosylated (RNG) gene and is primarily expressed in the kidney, brain and liver of adult animals. High levels of α2B-AR are also found during fetal life in the placenta, liver and blood, where it is borne by cells of the erythropoietic lineage. As a first step to define the mechanisms responsible for the spatio-temporal pattern of α2B-AR expression, a genomic fragment containing 2.8 kb of the 5′-flanking region, the ORF and approximately 20 kb of the 3′-flanking region of the RNG gene was isolated. RNase protection assays performed on RNA from placenta or kidney using a series of riboprobes permitted to locate the transcription start site 372 bases upstream from the start codon. Transient transfection of various cells, including rat proximal tubule in primary culture, with constructs containing luciferase as a reporter gene demonstrated that: (i) the 5′-flanking region exhibited a strong and sense-dependent transcriptional activity and (ii) the 332 bp fragment (−732/−401 relative to the start codon), which lacks a TATA box but contains Sp1 sites, is sufficient to drive expression. Analysis of chromatin susceptibility to DNaseI digestion identified two hypersensitive sites (HS1 and HS2) located 1.7 and 1.0 kb, respectively, upstream from ATG and containing recognition sequences for erythroid transcription factors. EMSA showed specific binding of GATA1 and NF-E2 to these elements. Taken together, the results suggest that the chromatin environment in the vicinity of these boxes plays a critical role for α2B-AR expression during fetal life.